Birth Control Around the World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1213 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/03 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Birth Control Essay Did you like this example? For over some decades now, birth control has been put into the world. Many people still wonder today if its safe, are the effects on your body worth it and does it really prevent pregnancy. The womens right revolution played a big part in developing safe methods over the years for women who choose to use birth control today. During a time where pregnancy avoidance and contraception wasnt really common, its interesting to think about how accessible it is in todays time. When birth control was first approved in the 1960s, The Supreme Court only gave married couples the right to use birth control. Evidently, it was protected in the constitution as a right to privacy. Not only until 1972, did the Supreme Court legalized birth control for all citizens of this country. As time goes by, an accelerated expansion in availability, different methods and improvements on birth control became available. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Birth Control Around the World" essay for you Create order Woman must have her freedom, the fundamental freedom of choosing whether or not she will be a mother and how many children she will have. Regardless of what mans attitude may be, that problem is hers † and before it can be his, it is hers alone. She goes through the vale of death alone, each time a babe is born. As it is the right neither of man nor the state to coerce her into this ordeal, so it is her right to decide whether she will endure it. From ages reproductive ages of 15 to 44, there are 61 million women in the U.S. About 70% of those women are at risk of having unintended pregnancy, that is sexually active and do not actually want to conceive. 72% women use non-permanent methods such as the pill, patch, implant, injectable, vagina ring and etc. The pill and female sterilization have been the two most commonly used methods since 1982. In 2001, the hormonal patch was introduced. The birth control patch is a beige patch that sticks to your skin and helps prevent future pregnancies. The patch is applied to your skin once a week for three weeks straight. The patches normally cost $0-$80 per box. The price to get this kind of birth control really depends on the location and medical insurance coverage you may have. The patch prevents pregnancy by releasing hormones. These hormones are chemicals that control different parts of the body by helping women today to prevent future pregnancy. The patch can be applied on the skin of your outer arm, stomach, back or butt. The patch is known to be easy and safe to use. Its very low maintenance and pain free. Its also very convenient since you can apply it to yourself and dont really need to schedule a doctors appointment. The patch helps with acne, headaches, menstrual cramps, ectopic pregnancy and more. Birth control which has been criticized as negative and destructive, is real ly the greatest and most truly eugenic method, and its adoption as part of the program of Eugenics would immediately give a concrete and realistic power to that science as the most constructive and necessary of the means to racial health. Even though a lot of birth control has great benefits they also have lots of side effects. Some of the main side effects of the birth control patch is vomiting and nausea, tender breasts, bleeding between periods, sore legs, trouble breathing, bad headaches, yellowing of the eyes and even serious chest pain. The patch is 99% effective against pregnancy. In 2006 the Nexplanon was invented. Nexplanon is another form of birth control but totally different from the patch. The Nexplanon is a radiopaque rod that is inserted into skin of your upper arm. The small plastic rod that is inserted contains hormone etonogestrel that is released over time over the course of up to three years. Nexplanon creates an environment in which it is harder for sperm to reach the uterus and for a fertilized egg to be implanting into the uterine wall. Even though Nexplanon are plastic, they contain a small amount of barium sulfate which enables them to even be seen by x-ray. Just like any other birth control, they help with many problems but also have those big side effects that a lot of women would rather not go through. Taking Nexplanon can increase your risk of developing blood clots, having a stroke or heart attack also. As a young adult I have experienced the effects and benefits of birth control. I decided to try the Nexplanon as my first option. When it was first inserted into my body, I didnt have any sign effects right in the beginning but as a year started to go on, I did see side effects that was common with the implant. Side effects are very serious and can very much hurt your body more than help it sometimes. A lot of women these days dont know how bad birth control is for the body, but most women take the birth control because they may not want kids at that moment in their life. You know that many women true personalities change from the effects of birth control. Some women remember themselves as happy, energized, loving. The effects taken onto the female human body now makes them emotional, crazy, exhausted, and even angry. Even when birth control doesnt have any effect on the body while taking it, it can definitely hurt the body later. Lots of women who may have been on birth control for a while can experience the long-term effects that birth control can take on your body. The long term affect definitely depends on the age, the medical history and which type of birth control that they may choose to use. Did you know that birth control plays a big roll into infertility and why women today cant have kids? Infertility is when you have trouble getting pregnant or staying pregnant. Fertility problems can actually happen in both men and women. Most people get diagnosed with infertility after not getting pregnant after a year or more of trying or if you have multiple miscarriages. Many people become excited to tell their family and friends that they are now about to bring another human into this world, to only tell them later that theyve lost their baby. Many parents even wonder why. Wonder what they make have done to cause the life of their baby and etc. When it comes to birth control today in 2018, it is now 50/50. Birth control is good and bad. It helps prevent pregnancy, but it also causes long term harm on your body. Its a win and a lost. The choice is yours at the end of the day whether your willing to take the risk. Sometimes women have no effects, still have good healthy children and even healthy themselves. Exercising eating right, taking care of yourself can also really help with staying healthy and fit along the birth control and pregnancy stage in women lives today. Its long past time we started focusing on the solutions that actually keep women healthy, instead of using basic aspects of womens health as a tool of. Being a healthy woman isnt about getting on a scale or measuring your waistline. We need to start focusing on what matters-on how we feel, and how we feel about ourselves.

Analysis Of Larry Grubbs s Workshop Of A Continent ...

Larry Grubbs s â€Å" Workshop of a Continent : American Representations of Whiteness and Modernity in 1960s South Africa† is aptly named given the material he discusses. Grubbs argues that when American observers discussed South Africa s modernity, the signs and symptoms of a modern country they looked for were actually symptoms of whiteness. He argued that whiteness and modernity were conflated by western observers, who he believed defined modernity as being similar to the United States.1 These observers were unable to explicitly state that whiteness was why they supported South Africa due to the pressures of the Cold War, and after the American Civil Rights movement during the 1960s American observers consistently condemned the apartheid system in South Africa.2 Even while condemning apartheid, official United States foreign policy and public opinion tacitly condoned its existence in order to maintain South Africa as a stabilizing element in Africa that would further US in terests for most of the Cold War. Grubbs first sought to establish a definition of whiteness and modernity, which he argued were both â€Å"imagined categories.†3 He argued that consumption was the primary vehicle where the concepts of whiteness and modernity had become conflated by American observers. According to Grubbs, consumerism, modernity, and whiteness were presumed to be universal and normative by the 1960s.4 American observers believed that consumption was an expression of a modern society, and

Advanced Microeconomics - Consumer Theory (Marshallian and...

Question 1: Consumer Theory 1.1: In both the Marshallian and Hicksian consumer optimisation problems, it is assumed that consumers are supposed to be rational. The main focus of these problems are cost minimisation and utility maximisation, which play a huge part in consumer demand, but in real life, these are not the only problems that are considered. Also, it is assumed that every consumer’s indifference curve for two goods would be the same – they are very generalised models, and do not take into account other factors. For example, not many consumers would spend their entire budget on said goods – one thing to consider would be a consumer’s marginal propensity to consume and save. Though both of the problems provide a framework and†¦show more content†¦As the insurer doesn’t know which agents are high-risk or low risk, the company will not offer different types of full insurance to match risk-types, as high-risk agents will prefer contracts that are designed for low-ris k agents. To solve this, the insurer will offer low-risk agents less insurance – this ensures that high-risk types do not have the incentive to choose a contract for low-risk customers, as they will want more insurance, because they know they will need to claim more. This ensures that the insurance company maintains non-negative profit, as high-risk individuals cost more to insure. However, these solutions carry agency costs, because the result is less efficient than if symmetric information was present. I believe that risk neutrality of an insurance company is a sufficient condition for insurance to take place. Insurance companies are risk-neutral to maximise expected profits, therefore as the principal, will design contracts to achieve this, as well as making certain that the agent picks the desired effort (i.e to prevent a bad state of the world) for that contract, and to make sure that the agent even picks the contract in the first place. Making sure incentives are compatible, and ensuring participation by the correct risk types, are constraints on maximising expected profits. If an insurance company was risk-averse, without the availability of symmetric information, they cannot

Essay about The Moor in Othello - 1421 Words

The Moor in Othello Who can resist empathizing with the unfortunate protagonist in William Shakespeare’s Othello? He is so noble, and yet so victimized by the cunning Iago. Is it his â€Å"gullibility† which leads to his downfall? Morton W. Bloomfield and Robert C. Elliott in Great Plays: Sophocles to Brecht posit the â€Å"lack of insight† of the hero as the cause of his tragic fall: Othello’s lack of insight, cunningly played upon by Iago, leads to his downfall. And as the full enormity of his deed dawns upon him in the great scene of tragic self-revelation at the end, the audience may perhaps experience catharsis, that purgation of the soul brought about by an almost unbearable pity for him and his victims, and†¦show more content†¦But that he loves the gentle Desdemona, he would to have given up a life of unsettled war and his â€Å"unhoused free condition / †¦ For the sea’s worth† (1.2.26-27). (58) The first appearance of the protagonist is in Act 1 Scene2, where Iago is pathologically lying about Brabantio and himself and the ancient’s relations with the general and about everything in general. Othello responds very coolly and confidently to the pressing issue of Brabantio’s mob coming after him: â€Å"Let him do his spite. / My services which I have done the signiory / Shall out-tongue his complaints.† However, Cassio’s party approaches first, with a demand for the general’s â€Å"haste-post-haste appearance† before the Venetian council due to the Turkish attempt on Cyprus. Indeed, this talented soldier is no mere daughter-snatcher! When Brabantio’s pack has drawn their swords with the intent to fight, Othello calmly states: â€Å"Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them.† He is in charge; the accused controls the mob. Politely he addresses the mob leader. â€Å"Where will you that I go / To answer this your charge?† Brabantio demands prison for the general, but this conflicts with the duke’s request for the general’s presence in council. When they have reappeared before the duke, the latter greets Othello immediately and respectfully (â€Å"Valiant Othello, we must straight employ you / Against the general enemy Ottoman.†), but doesn’t even notice the senatorShow MoreRelatedOthello, The Moor Of Venice960 Words   |  4 PagesEvil Skills There are many reasons to hate the antagonist in the play Othello, The Moor of Venice. He is a master manipulator, vindictive, evil person just to name a few. â€Å"Iago belongs to a select group of villains in Shakespeare who, while plausibly motivated in human terms, also take delight in evil for its own sake† (Bevington, 2014); for this reason he is often considered to have demonic traits. Was Shakespeare showing his own personal demons with the creation of the character Iago? AlternativelyRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello, The Moor1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor the Venice: The Fall of A Man for His Race by Josà © Pineda. Professor Arzola English 2322 5 July 2015 Outline. Thesis: The tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice written by William Shakespeare, the author uses a characters to express the complex social circumstance of race at the time and how the white men’s ideas about black people leads to their hate and downfalls throughout the play. Sociological Approach. I. Summary plot. II. Description of the mainRead MoreOthello : Racism And The Moor1013 Words   |  5 Pages Othello: Racism and the Moor William Shakespeare’s Othello uses the racial tensions of the period to enhance the execution of the play subtly. 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I will also be discussing within this composition how the distinctive features of the language used within this play could be translated into a liveRead MoreThe Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish scholars, but also appears on modern historical events and newspaper as well. Playwright and poetry are an art that appeals to the conscious mind, but the best classical playwright such as Othello not only appeals to conscious mind, but also to the subconscious mind. â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice,† written by William Shakespeare from the sixteenth century is a tragic l ove play, and it is an excellent example of â€Å"Renaissance humanism,† said Paul A. Jorgensen, author of the Twayne

Treatment Options for Childhood Onset Schizophrenia

Child Onset Schizophrenia Treatment Options The present clinical treatment strategies (pharmacological, psychosocial, family intervention) for child onset schizophrenia (COS) are varied and abundant but very costly because of its rarity and the number of sites required to research the disease (Asarnow, Thompson McGrath, 2004). Let it be noted that remission of COS is rare but it is the goal of research to accomplish. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry places emphasis on antipsychotic medication, psychoeducation, psychotherapy, and social educational programs (Asarnow et al., 2004). Antipsychotic medication falls into two categories â€Å"novel† and â€Å"conventional† (Remington, Martin, Jain, Baskys Dickey, 1999, p. 55). The â€Å"novel† category contains risperidone, clozapine, quetiapine, and olanzapine. The â€Å"conventional† contains haloperidol, loxapine, molindone, pimozide chlorpromazine, and piperidine (Remington, Martin, Jain, Baskys Dickey, 1999, p. 55). The i n-depth discussion of all these is beyond the scope of this short paper and only contains a few of these medications. As noted earlier in this paper the three phases of COS treatment are acute, stabilization, and the maintenance phase. A pharmacological approach, using antipsychotic medication, is used during the acute phase of COS (Asarnow et al., 2004). It also needs to be noted that there is no completely safe (without side effects like tardive dyskinesia) antipsychotic, but some (e.g.Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Child Onset Schizophrenia Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pages SOWK 506- Fall 2015 Assignment #3: Child Onset Schizophrenia Becki Kennedy and Mary Marrone USC School of Social Work December 11, 2015 Martha Lyon-Levine Introduction This research paper focuses on the issue of child onset schizophrenia, specifically looking at the prognosis, symptoms, stigma, and most effective treatment options for children. 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Partnership Working in Health and Social Care Sector

Question: Describe about the Case Study for Partnership Working in Health and Social Care Sector. Answer: Introduction The said assignment discusses the working of the health and social care organisations and agencies in relation to their philosophies and their relationships with the patients and service users. The said assignment also talks about different limitations and challenges faced by these organisations and agencies in their routine working. The primary aim of the said assignment is to discuss the importance of health and social care organisations and agencies operative in United Kingdom that work in partnership to serve and promote the health sector and help the disabled in United Kingdom. The said assignment is divided into three sections for better understanding of the entire subject matter dividing the same into important parts which highlight the primary purpose of the said topic which is working in partnership in the health and social care. Understand Partnership philosophies and relationships in health and social care services It is of immense importance to work in partnership in the sphere of health care and social care. Partnership brings out the best implementation of the interests of the social and health care. Partnership plays a key role in the most effective functioning of the sectors of health care. The social care sector also functions best when it works in the sphere of partnership. But, partnership working the sphere of social care and health care is not an easy process. The partnership working involves several philosophies in it (Omachonu and Einspruch 2010). Partnership working philosophies usually refers to the frame-work of procedures and rules that aids in the better management and maintenance of techniques of partnership between different authorities of social care and health care. There are many theories that operate in the corporations of health and social care in England. The philosophies that are used in England used are as follows:- Philosophy of Independence The independence philosophy generally means the capability of health care organizations to take major decisions for any other person during the time of emergency. Several health care and social care agencies found it difficult to respond to calls during the emergency hours of the service users. The interest or objective of the service users are served best in the situations where the said theory brings the features of management and maintenance of the social care organizations (Andrew and Entwistle 2010). Empowerment Philosophy the treatment and betterment of the service users or the disabled are regarded as the primary objective and function of the agencies of the social care and health care. In numerous cases, it is reported that the disabled persons found themselves in problem to live in the society even after treatment. This happens due to the problem of absence of self-confidence. Hence, the said philosophy helps the service users in resolving their problems by themselves, through teaching. Partnership working makes this possible (Care Quality Commission 2012). Philosophy of Respect In any sphere of the universe, the respect theory is regarded as the basic theory of joint working or partnership working in the field of health care and social care. The respect theory aids in protection of the disabled persons by not disclosing any private issue of health, that are kept in the files of the agencies of the health care. (Haubenhofer et al. 2010). Philosophy of autonomy The respect philosophy discussed above, forms the basis of the autonomy philosophy. The capability of any person to decide the personal interest and personal betterment from any environmental changes is known as autonomy in person. Therefore, the autonomy philosophy is applied in the working of the healthy and social care in order to make available the best environment of treatment to the disabled (Great Britain Department of Health 2012). Power Sharing Philosophy in England, the primary tool of partnership working in social care is to scatter the obligations and duties in between the several corporations of social care and health care. The best working of sector occurs through the scattering of the duties of the corporations. Hence, the theory of sharing of power comes into the daily working of the health care corporations when they scatter their duties and tends to make promotion of guidance to their service users. The use of the said theory helps in resolving the disputes among the several corporations of health and social care. The said disputes can be resolved by the application of the philosophy of the power sharing economy. Philosophy of informed choices The informed choices theory is a theory that provides the good effects of working in partnerships by the authorities of social care in England. The service-users can be able to select the best corporation of the health care in accordance with the options of choice to them. Therefore, this philosophy is where all health and social care sector advertises their services collectively to inform the service users about the same (Haubenhofer et al. 2010). The sole process in which the partnership working serves best in social care and health care, is the application of the above-discussed theories in the daily working of its corporations. The attachment between the social care and health care helps in its best working. It is of primary value that health attachment between the corporations of health care and social care promotes healthy working of the corporations. Healthy attachment between the corporations helps in attaining the common goals and objectives of the corporations (Marmo et al. 2012). For example, if a service is unavailable in one organisation, a strong relationship will help the staff of the said organisation to seek help from the organisation, which has the said service available. This in return will be in best interest of the service users especially during the time of emergency. Having strong relationship within and outside health and social care organisations and agencies can be beneficial to service users, professi onal and the whole health sector in United Kingdom as a whole. The strong attachment with the other corporations of health and social care involves the best communication their goals and objectives among their employees and staffs. The healthy attachment between health and social care corporations and individuals aids in the achievement of better facilities of social care and health care. Hence, increasing the partnership between foreign health care corporations of health and social care will help the betterment of the corporations operating in England (Oliver, Sapey and Thomas 2012). Understand how to promote positive partnership working with users of services, professionals and organisations in health and social care services Partnership working in any sphere of the society must be free from disputes and conflicts both internally and externally. The models that are stated in the partnership working of any sector refers to the duties and obligations of the involved persons or organizations. There is partnership working model defined in any sphere as is in the case of social care and health care. The following models helps to understand the positivity in the partnership working of the health and social care corporations: Practical Model the basic objective of the practical model in partnership working in the sphere of social care and health care is the promotion of the facilities of the health care and social care towards the local people. The said model helps in the growth of the infrastructure of the local health care and services. There must be agreements between the local health care corporations in order to enhance the infrastructure of health care in any region. The said contracts are of immense importance as they aim in the improvement of the local health care facilities and they involve the state and federal authorities. The federal authorities through these contracts serve in the linkage of local health and social care for the promotion of the social care. The sole objective of the said contracts in health care service is to make prior decision on the goals and funds of the local health care corporations. (Parton and Berridge 2011). Theoretical Model the theoretical model works in accordance with the following models:- Coordinated Model the coordinated model states that the working of health and social care should be based on the autonomy in person. Personal autonomy shall prevail in the working of the sectors for better working. The said model works promotes collaborative working in order to promote the facilities of health care and comes into play when governmental corporations involves themselves in entering into partnership relations with private corporations. Individual autonomy is the basis of this model. The said model is hard to operate in the corporations having sole frame-work, but in the governmental framework it is easy for the asid model to operate (Petch, Cook and Miller 2013). Unified Model The Unified Model operates in spheres where a sole trust is established in a health care corporation, with a sole finance frame-work and having sole goals, obligations, and methods of social and health care. There are many advantages of the said model. They are cost reduction, as there is only a sole system involved. The system also aids in lowering the investments required in other models. There are several enacted legislations that operates in the sphere of partnership working in the area of health and social care. The following legislations work for the betterment of the infrastructure of social and health care in England. The following legislations work in engaging partnership among the various corporations of health and social care. The enacted laws are as follows: The Health and Social Care Act The act was enacted in the year of 2012 with the objective of enhancing the public health and infrastructure of health care and social care in England. The Care Standard Act The act was enacted in the year 2000 with an objective of providing frame-work to frame the laws regarding the maintenance, working and code of conduct of every social and health care corporations in England. The Mental Capacity Act The said Act was enacted by the Parliament of England in the year 2005 that has the sole objective of making compulsory laws for working in collaboration with the agencies of health and social care, in dealing the mentally retarded persons in England (Richardson2010). The Children Act The Children Act was enacted in the year 2004 with an objective to help the governmental authorities of England, to work in collaboration with the health care corporations for the development of infrastructure of the children care in England (Wilson and Game 2011). The Care Quality Commission Regulation The said regulations emerged in the year 2009 with the objective of promoting better services that are considered risk free to all the persons who uses the services of the health care corporations (Roland, Guthrie and Thom 2012). The above-mentioned legislations that work in the fulfilment of the health and social care provisions in England, has their own advantages and suffers from their own disadvantages. Therefore, applying the legislations, which get bad outcomes give rise to many difference in the health and social care sector. Some of the differences are summed as follows:- Roles and functions in England there is an absence of established framework of duties and obligations of the corporations of the said sector. The absence of the proper framework is the primary factor for the rise of conflicts and differences in the sector of partnership working . Motives and objectives of the organization the several agencies of health and social care in England work in partnership but they often fail to understand the basic objective of working in partnership. Hence, the sole motive of partnership is not served. This is a failure of partnership working. This is also a disadvantage of partnership working. Communication the major disputes of the universe emerges due to the absence of proper communication in like circumstances. There are high chances of conflicts of interests in case of working in partnership in health care. The effective system of communication helps in the smooth and flexible working of the health care corporations (Wilson, Seymour and Perkins 2010). Cultural Differences when the corporations of health and social care works in partnership, the individuals related with the sector works in collaboration. This theory has its own advantages and disadvantages. This can often create cultural differences among the employees of the said sector (Rosen, Goodwin and Dixon 2010). Be able to evaluate the outcomes of partnership working for users of services, professionals and organisations in health and social care services Every service sector has an outcome when it works collectively in partnership with other organisations for a long period. In the same way, the outcome of the partnership working of health and social care organisations and agencies can be studies in three different stages. The said stages are as follows:- Service Users outcome the working in partnership by the health care corporations have their own advantages towards the persons using the services of the corporations. Any user of services refers to the persons who are either disabled or suffers from any private disease. These persons are willing to seek treatment from the corporations of health care. The partnership working of the several health care corporations in England forms the largest groups of trusts, that in turn helps the service users based on payment or because of charity. Working in partnership in the social care process helps the corporations to serve employment to several staff and employ individuals who serve in compliance, to determine the techniques involved in the application of the related legislations in England. The legislations relating to partnership working are discussed above. The partnership working of the health and social care ensures that the services that are not available in one corporation, is availa ble to the service seekers from any other organisation. This helps in the enhancement of the helath care services as every required service is available to the persons seeking the service from the health care service providers in England (Shaw, Rosen and Rumbold 2011). Outcome of professionals working in partnership is of a great advantage to the professionals who are indulged in working in corporations of health and social care. This assures that the there is never lack of emergency professionals like nurses and doctors at any corporations of health care at emergencies. This ensures that there is never the complains of lack of professional persons at any outlet of health and social care. Without working in partnership, this is never possible in any case (Sines, Saunders and Forbes-Burford 2013). Organisational Outcomes the working in partnership has also its outcome in the case of organizations. The organizations generally suffer from lack of prior determined duties and goals of its members. The partnership working ensures that the goals of the health care agencies are not only known to the said agency but also to the other agencies who are in partnership with the said agency. This helps in the attainment of the goals and objectives of the corporations of health care and social care (Steele and Cylus 2012). Therefore, the primary objective of partnership working is the attainment of the goals of the agencies of the health care. But in doing so the corporations suffer from several restrictions. The restrictions or barriers are as follows :- The most evident barrier in the partnership working of health and social care sphere is the absence of a proper frame-work, where the duties, obligations, goals and objectives areb properly defined. There is absence of management and proper maintenance of work ethics in the daily working of the health care organizations. This leads in the loss of work efficacy. The essence of time is the next restriction to the partnership working. The idea of partnership is in lack in the beginning years of partnership. When the concept of the term partnership came into play, the persons engaged in partnership failed to understand their duties and initial responsibilities. The time taken in adjusting to the new concepts of partnership, was a major difficulty or barrier in the partnership working of health care (West 2012). The most important barrier of partnership working is the creation of disputes among the persons of partnership, as they are from different cultures. Internal disputes and conflict s tend to slow down the pace of work of any organization. The partnership disputes often arises from the differential cultures of the partnership professionals. Differential professional cultures refer to the difference in working principles in the partnership environment. The persons engaged in managing the health and social care work in one organization may find it difficult to deal with the managing actions in other organizations. This emphasizes that the goals of one organization varies from the other and the persons who shift themselves from one organization to another may found it difficult to understand the goals of the other organization. Partnership in health and social care involves the work of one organization done by any other organization. This theory ascertain that one act valid in one organization, may be invalid in some other organization. The professionals involved in health and social often lacks the benefits of proper training. Without proper training, it is impos sible for the professionals to work in the corporations of health and social care. The said training programmes must be conducted by the agencies of the government for the better understanding of the terms of health care (Stuckler and Nestle 2012). Several techniques can be attached to the system of social care and health care. For example, the system of said proper training is a technique of improving health care. The certain suggestions for the improvement of health systems are as follows:- The primary action needed in the improvement of health and social care is the scattering of the duties and obligations of the corporations involved in that sector. The sole objective of any agency of health and social care must involve in the resolution of the problems of their service users. The essential information for one corporation may not be essential for another corporation. So, it is essential to identify the information properly. The training of the professionals must be organized in a regular manner. Regular training will ensure the proper systematic working of the professionals and in turn it will help the corporations of the health and social care in attaining their objectives. The training will also result in the efficient and effective working of the health and social care agencies. The social care and the health care agencies must work in collaboration in order to attain any common intention which would aid in the right working of the organizations (Wallerstein and Du ran 2010). Conclusion Partnership working in health and social care sector can lead to multiple benefits, which mostly guarantee positive outcomes and promote the best interest of service users. However, the outcome of this effort of partnership working in health and social sector requires pre-defined rules and philosophy, which help in providing best facilities of health care in the United Kingdom. However, this is only possible if the potential differences and barriers of working in partnership in health care sector can be eliminated by joint efforts. Reference List Andrews, R. and Entwistle, T., 2010. Does cross-sectoral partnership deliver? An empirical exploration of public service effectiveness, efficiency, and equity.Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, p.mup045. Care Quality Commission, 2012.The state of health care and adult social care in England in 2011/12(Vol. 763). The Stationery Office. Great Britain. Department of Health, 2012.Health and Social Care Act 2012: Chapter 7, Explanatory Notes. The Stationery Office. Haubenhofer, D. K., Elings, M., Hassink, J., and Hine, R. E. (2010). The development of green care in Western European countries.EXPLORE: the Journal of Science and Healing,6(2), 106-111. Haubenhofer, D.K., Elings, M., Hassink, J. and Hine, R.E., 2010. The development of green care in Western European countries.EXPLORE: the Journal of Science and Healing,6(2), pp.106-111. Marmot, M., Allen, J., Bell, R., Bloomer, E. and Goldblatt, P., 2012. WHO European review of social determinants of health and the health divide.The Lancet,380(9846), pp.1011-1029. Oliver, M., Sapey, B. and Thomas, P., 2012.Social work with disabled people. Palgrave Macmillan. Omachonu, V.K. and Einspruch, N.G., 2010. Innovation in healthcare delivery systems: a conceptual framework.The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal,15(1), pp.1-20. Parton, N. and Berridge, D., 2011. Child protection in England.Child protection systems: International trends and orientations, pp.60-88. Petch, A., Cook, A. and Miller, E., 2013. Partnership working and outcomes: do health and social care partnerships deliver for users and carers?.Health social care in the community,21(6), pp.623-633. Richardson, G., 2010. Mental capacity at the margin: the interface between two Acts.Medical law review,18(1), pp.56-77. Roland, M., Guthrie, B. and Thom, D.C., 2012. Primary medical care in the United Kingdom.The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine,25(Suppl 1), pp.S6-S11. Rosen, R., Goodwin, N. and Dixon, J., 2010.Where next for integrated care organisations in the English NHS?(pp. 15-03). London: Nuffield Trust. Shaw, S., Rosen, R. and Rumbold, B., 2011. What is integrated care.An overview of integrated care in the NHS. London: The Nuffield Trust. Sines, D., Saunders, M. and Forbes-Burford, J. eds., 2013.Community health care nursing. John Wiley Sons. Steele, D. and Cylus, J., 2012. United Kingdom (Scotland): health system review.Health systems in transition,14(9), pp.1-150. Stuckler, D. and Nestle, M., 2012. Big food, food systems, and global health.PLoS Med,9(6), p.e1001242. Wallerstein, N. and Duran, B., 2010. Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: the intersection of science and practice to improve health equity.American journal of public health,100(S1), pp.S40-S46. West, D., 2012. How mobile devices are transforming healthcare.Issues in technology innovation,18(1), pp.1-11. Wilson, D. and Game, C., 2011.Local government in the United Kingdom. Palgrave Macmillan. Wilson, E., Seymour, J.E. and Perkins, P., 2010. Working with the Mental Capacity Act: findings from specialist palliative and neurological care settings.Palliative Medicine,24(4), pp.396-402.

Elder Abuse Relevance and Applicability of Health Promotion

Question: Write a description on Elder Abuse. Answer: Introduction This assignment aims to explore and critique the relevance and applicability of health promotion strategies to a health issue. The chosen health issue is Elder Abuse. Elder Abuse refers to any form of ill-treatment or cruelty that result in loss or harm to the aged individuals. It may take place as a result of negligence or ignorance or it may be intentional. Elder abuse is normally carried out by the members of the family, particularly by adult children because the older people are dependent on them for care and accommodation. It is also a violation of human rights and is an important cause of illness, injury, despair, isolation and loss of productivity. This assignment will also describe the health issues in detail and will utilize theories and frameworks in health promotion to provide a critical analysis of a chosen strategy to address the issue of health. In the end, a brief summary in the form of conclusion will be provided for the reader to learn in terms of addressing the heal th issue. Elder Abuse- Description This abuse may possibly be physical, mental, or it may engage financial or other substance abuse. Despite of the type of abuse, it unquestionably results in avoidable distress, harm or pain, decreased quality of life along with the violation of human rights, for the older individuals. Whether the behavior is called rude, negligent or abusive possibly depends on how often the ill-treatment takes place, its extent, harshness and consequences, and in particular, the cultural perspective (Bennett and Kingston 2013). Such abuses are commonly divided into the following types: Physical abuse involves pain or harm, physical oppression, or drug induced command. Emotional or psychological abuse- Leads to mental suffering. Material or Financial abuse- The illegal exploitation or utilization of resources of the older person. Sexual abuse Any kind of non-consensual intimate relationship with the older person. Neglect The denial or disappointment to accomplish a care giving compulsion. This may or may not engage a cognizant and deliberate effort to impose physical or mental suffering on the elderly person (Pillemer et al. 2016). Early researchers in this field involved individual behavior conflicts as underlying agents of violence in the family in support of cultural and societal factors. In recent times, however, research on violence in the family has revealed that abusers who are physically violent are more probable to have behavior disorders along with the problems related with alcohol in comparison to the common population. Likewise, studies limited to aggression in opposition to the older people in family settings have discovered that aggressors are more expected to possess the problems of mental health and substance abuse as compared to the caregivers or family members who are not aggressive or otherwise rude (Sadana et al. 2016). Chosen Strategy By using the Ottawa charter which was the first International Conference on Health Promotion, a meeting in Ottawa on 21stNovember 1986. It presented this CHARTER for action to attain Health for every one by the year 2000 and further. This symposium was mainly a response to increasing prospects for a new movement of public health around the globe. Its discussions stressed on the requirements in developed countries, and also took into consideration similar concerns in all the additional regions. It constructed on the advancement that was made through the Declaration on Primary Health Care at Alma Ata, the World Health Organization's Targets for Health (Fry and Zask 2016). Health Promotion Health promotion involves the process of facilitating individuals to enhance control, as well as to develop, their physical condition and wellbeing. To attain a status of absolute mental, physical along with societal welfare, a person or a group ought to be capable to recognize and to understand objectives, to gratify the requirements, and to alter or deal with the surroundings. Therefore health is perceived, as a source for existence, not the purpose of livelihood. It is a constructive perception emphasizing societal as well as individual resources, in addition to physical abilities. Consequently, promotion of health is not only the accountability of the health sector, but is also concerned with the healthy existence and welfare (Nies and McEwen 2014). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the occurrence of elder abuse varied extensively from 1% to 35%, depending on the definitions, settings, research methods and populations (Sadana et al. 2016). Current national approximations reveal that at least 1 in 10 older persons suffer from some type of elder abuse, and several in recurring forms (Bennett and Kingston 2013). Simultaneously, only a minute small part of elder abuse is reported to the Adult Protective Services (APS). A study by The National Elder Mistreatment with a representative sample of 5,000 adults aged 65 years and above, reports that around more than 15% of elderly adults dwelling in different communities experienced mistreatment or potential disregard in the precedent year (Naaldenberg et al. 2012). The self-neglect of elderly is repeatedly considered as a separate thing as contrasting to elder abuse committed by others. The data of APS proposes that self-neglect is on the rise and is more widespread in com parison to all of the other types of elder abuse combined. Current studies comprising a large population point towards the frequency of elder self-neglect is about 10%, even though the degree of overlap amid self-neglect and other types of elder abuse is indistinct (Pillemer et al. 2016). However, no population-based epidemiological study has methodically scrutinized the occurrence of elder self-neglect or the latent alteration in self-neglecting behaviors eventually (Dong 2014). Several nurses observe the theory of health promotion as something which they indistinctly remember from academia and exceptionally a small number of them would claim to utilize the theory of health promotion in practice (Kelley et al. 2013). The good news is we dont need to keep in mind the whole theory to utilize the theory. There are several widespread essentials in the theories of health promotion that can be included in everyday practice. There are five ways to utilize the health promotion theory with the patients (Beard et al. 2016). Promote the advantages of alteration and not just the advantages of health The individuals have a tendency to focus on altering behavior being good however frequently the patients come across difficulty to enumerate benefits of health that are twenty years or more down the line. Advantages are acknowledged in a number of theoretical models and substantial advantages can consist of saving wealth, losing weight or making new friends. Utilization of the resources to assist the individuals promote the temporary benefits is another advantage, for instance the websites that are concerned with the calculation of money the individuals can save by quitting the habit of smoking (Merriman-Nai and Stein 2014). Promote behavioral control of the patient A characteristic of a number of models of health promotion is the role of behavioral control or self-efficiency. This is the perception of the patient regarding their individual ability to be capable of accomplishing something. The patients having low self-efficiency are less probable to transform. They need to be optimistic with the patients and motivate them so that they can accomplish their goal. They need to focus on small objectives such as swapping rather than stopping. (Dong et al. 2014). Recognize obstacles to change Several theoretical models recognize that barriers bring to halt several efforts of behavior change. The patients should be asked what they consider would stop them attaining a behavior, For instance quitting the habit of smoking along with how they prepare to prevail over this barrier. For instance barriers to quitting the habit of smoking comprise of pressure from acquaintances, practice and desires. (Maville and Huerta 2012). Identify the wider surroundings The surrounding is an essential aspect of behavior alteration. Security, interchange along with aesthetics could discourage aloofness, unfamiliarity and humiliation. For instance, if we want to motivate a patient to work out more then we need the capability to guide them to sociable, secure spaces (Baer et al. 2016). Modify information to the patient For instance, if we work with kids, we perhaps converse health information by utilizing uncomplicated words or representations. The similar tailoring philosophy should also pertain to other patients; such as presenting information in a diverse language or huge print. Identify those patients that are at dissimilar stages of alteration. For instance does the patient possess all the information they require? Are they extremely conversant? Have they attempted to alter earlier? What is preventing them from altering? Being a superior sign poster could assist us to modify information. If in case, the patients want support to alter a behavior, a number of them would have a preference for a website and others may just desire to do it individually. The patients should be asked regarding their preference as well as suggestions accordingly. Strategies of Health Promotion and Abuse Prevention for the Elderly people An inclusive strategy to prevent elderly abuse may possibly be dealt with in the framework of public health from a perspective of population health by addressing health determinants. This could take the structure of encouraging accommodation, societal support as well as health support for older people in their homes (Dong 2014). The programs of community can support the older people and encourage healthy aging in the population. The service by the providers of the Community is an outstanding resource for avoiding elder mistreatment. The nurses in Home care or care providers may possibly recognize signs of mistreatment that may otherwise go unobserved. A home care plan included into Medicare can prevent a steady approach where perceptions and terminology differ (Kelley et al. 2013). The tools of elder abuse prevention can be developed from a widespread outline, offering enhanced incorporation of interventions and services for the victims of mistreatment, regardless of what their circumstances were/are. Registered nurses are in outstanding positions to collaborate with government, stakeholders of health as well as society and lead successfully in such a strategy. In the course of their specific learning and knowledge, as well as time spent with the patients along with families across the range of care as well as across the lifetime, they observe exceptionally authentic revelations of the effects of disregard as well as abuse (Perna et al. 2012). The federal government should develop an inclusive strategy of health promotion along with abuse prevention for the older people. This should comprise of targeted programs that are intended in the services of public health, caring accommodation as well as tax credits for older people. This should comprise a rapid focus on the populations that are exaggerated by circumstances that create susceptibility (Jordanova Peshevska et al. 2014). Conclusion In the end, it can be concluded that the problem of elderly abuse cannot be appropriately solved if the important requirements of the elderly people such as for food, accommodation, access to health as well as safety are not met. The populations of the globe ought to construct surroundings in which elderly individuals and their state of mind is accepted as a normal component of the cycle of life. The attitudes of anti-ageing are down casted, where elderly individuals are given the right to survive with self-respect, free of abuse and mistreatment. They should be provided with the opportunities to involve themselves completely in educational, religious, economic and cultural activities. The present generations need as well as expect guidance and investments to make sure a full understanding of the situation. They need to recognize important policies along with programmatic practices, to progress established initiatives and to supervise their performances. Consequently, promotion of health is not only the accountability of the health sector, but is also concerned with the healthy existence and welfare The federal government possesses an opportunity to make efforts with regional and territorial equivalents along with the health professionals, such as registered nurses as well as nurse practitioners, with the intention to recover the health as well as well-being of the elderly people. These recommendations correspond to an important step in the direction of a secure and vigorous future where self-respect and admiration for the elders is a right, not an extravagance. References Baer, B., Bhushan, A., Taleb, H.A., Vasquez, J. and Thomas, R., 2016. The right to health of older people.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), pp.S206-S217. Beard, J.R., Officer, A.M. and Cassels, A.K., 2016. The World Report on Ageing and Health.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), pp.S163-S166. Bennett, G. and Kingston, P.W., 2013.Elder abuse: Concepts, theories and interventions. Springer. Dong, X., 2014. Elder abuse: Research, practice, and health policy. The 2012 GSA Maxwell Pollack award lecture.The Gerontologist,54(2), pp.153-162. Dong, X., Chang, E.S., Wong, E., Wong, B. and Simon, M.A., 2014. Association of depressive symptomatology and elder mistreatment in a US Chinese population: Findings from a community-based participatory research study.Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma,23(1), pp.81-98. Dong, X.Q., 2015. Elder abuse: systematic review and implications for practice.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,63(6), pp.1214-1238. Fry, D. and Zask, A., 2016. Applying the Ottawa Charter to inform health promotion programme design.Health promotion international, p.daw022. Jordanova Peshevska, D., Markovik, M., Sethi, D. and Serafimovska, E., 2014. Relationships and Community Risk Factors for Elder Abuse and Neglect: Findings from the First National Prevalence Study on Elder Maltreatment.Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences,7(2), pp.369-374. Kelley, S.J., Whitley, D.M. and Campos, P.E., 2013. African American Caregiving Grandmothers Results of an Intervention to Improve Health Indicators and Health Promotion Behaviors.Journal of Family Nursing,19(1), pp.53-73. Maville, J. and Huerta, C., 2012.Health promotion in nursing. Cengage Learning. Merriman-Nai, S. and Stein, K., 2014. World elder abuse awareness day: the concept, the reality, and the promise.Journal of elder abuse neglect,26(3), pp.345-349. Naaldenberg, J., Vaandrager, L., Koelen, M. and Leeuwis, C., 2012. Aging Populations Everyday Life Perspectives on Healthy Aging New Insights for Policy and Strategies at the Local Level.Journal of Applied Gerontology,31(6), pp.711-733. Nies, M.A. and McEwen, M., 2014.Community/public health nursing: Promoting the health of populations. Elsevier Health Sciences. Perna, L., Mielck, A., Lacruz, M.E., Emeny, R.T., Holle, R., Breitfelder, A. and Ladwig, K.H., 2012. Socioeconomic position, resilience, and health behaviour among elderly people.International journal of public health,57(2), pp.341-349. Pillemer, K., Burnes, D., Riffin, C. and Lachs, M.S., 2016. Elder Abuse: Global Situation, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), pp.S194-S205. Sadana, R., Blas, E., Budhwani, S., Koller, T. and Paraje, G., 2016. Healthy Ageing: Raising Awareness of Inequalities, Determinants, and What Could Be Done to Improve Health Equity.The Gerontologist,56(Suppl 2), pp.S178-S193.